Budget 2023 Impacts Report

This measure will ensure that Canadians are not subject to high-cost predatory loans. Data from the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada suggests that Indigenous people, recent immigrants, low-income Canadians, and women are more likely to rely on high-cost loans to cover day-to-day expenses. These groups, as well as others, may benefit from this measure to the extent that they will no longer face such high-cost loans.

Data Sources: Financial Consumer Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Low-Income Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Immigrants, Newcomers, Indigenous People, Persons with Disabilities, Lone Parent Families

Lower-income individuals and families receiving social assistance who are currently not filing their taxes will benefit. Single, childless individuals will particularly benefit, since they currently have lower tax filing rates than those with children; generally have lower incomes; and account for the vast majority of social assistance cases. Indigenous people will also benefit given the higher levels of poverty on reserves and lower levels of tax filing.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Maytree Canada Public Policy

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Low-Income Individuals

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, Social Assistance Recipients, Recipients of Income from Other Government Sources

Temporary enhancements to student grants and loans will benefit post-secondary students from low- and middle-income households. Women represent 60 per cent of aid recipients, and 66 per cent of recipients are under 25 years old. Students with disabilities and students with dependants receive additional targeted grants to support their studies.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Education and Skills Development

Target Population:

Post-Secondary Students in Financial Need

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Students with Disabilities, Students with Dependants

Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) beneficiaries will directly benefit from this measure. While this group is broadly gender-balanced, RESP withdrawals were on average slightly higher for men as of 2021. The average age of a beneficiary withdrawing an Education Assistance Payment was 20 years as of 2020. While beneficiaries generally have lower incomes at the time of withdrawing funds, they disproportionately come from higher-income families. Low- to middle-income families made up about 79 per cent of families in 2020 but represented only 41 per cent of all those who received RESP matching grants in 2021.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Post-Secondary Students

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Supporting new affordable housing construction will benefit those experiencing housing affordability challenges, including particular groups that are prioritized under the National Housing Strategy such as persons with disabilities, Black and racialized people, Indigenous people, seniors, women and children fleeing domestic violence, and those in core housing need. According to 2021 data, 7.7 per cent of the Canadian population experienced core housing need, with women and girls having a higher incidence (8.2 per cent) compared to men and boys (7.1 per cent). Seniors also had a higher incidence of core housing need (8.9 per cent), as did Indigenous people (13.2 per cent).

Data Sources: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Those Experiencing Housing Affordability Challenges

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, Black and Racialized People, One-Parent Households, Seniors, Women and Children Fleeing Domestic Violence

This measure will benefit Indigenous people living in urban, rural, and Northern communities, who experience higher incidence of core housing need, and/or lack access to suitable or adequate housing compared to the non-Indigenous population. Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people are at particular risk of violence when experiencing homelessness. More broadly, improved access to adequate housing contributes to increased safety for those at risk of intimate partner or family violence. Workers in the construction sector, which is dominated by men, are expected to indirectly benefit from the additional housing construction activity resulting from this measure.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous Women and Girls

People with lived experiences of inadequate housing may face barriers to participation in engagement sessions for the Strategy. To mitigate this, participants will be provided with honoraria, child care support, and in-person/virtual participation options.

Women and girls, persons with disabilities, seniors, Indigenous people, one-parent households, lower-income people, and Black and racialized people will disproportionately benefit from effective implementation of National Housing Strategy programs, as they experience core housing need at higher levels than the general population. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) employees and prospective employees will also benefit indirectly. In 2021, CMHC employees identified as: 57.4 per cent women; 36.1 per cent Black and racialized people; 3.1 per cent Indigenous people; and 10.5 per cent persons with disabilities.

Data Sources: CMHC, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians in Need of Housing

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Women and Girls, Persons with Disabilities, Seniors, Indigenous Peoples, One-Parent Households, Lower-Income People, Black and Racialized People

This health funding plan will benefit all Canadians by supporting provinces and territories in their actions to strengthen the public health care system. Support provided under the Indigenous component would benefit Indigenous people and support to increase personal support workers' wages would disproportionately benefit women, who make up 86 per cent of personal support workers.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Workers in Health Care

Expanding the Canada Student Loan Forgiveness program to more rural communities would encourage eligible doctors and nurses to work in underserved rural areas. It also indirectly benefits women more than men, as nurses are more likely to be women, and women represent 47 per cent of doctors in Canada. In 2020-21, nearly 4,400 doctors and nurses—of which 3,575 were nurses or nurse practitioners—received $19.7 million in loan forgiveness.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Rural Residents

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Family Doctors, Residents in Family Medicine, Nurses and Nurse Practitioners

Personal support workers are largely comprised of low- and modest-income women and new immigrants. According to the 2021 Census, 86 per cent of workers in categories associated with personal support workers are women, and newcomers and Black and racialized people are also overrepresented. For example, a 2020 Statistics Canada study found that Black and Filipino women were highly overrepresented within this profession.

Seniors and persons with disabilities requiring assistance will benefit from a more stable workforce leading to additional hours of care and better quality of care.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Personal Support Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Seniors and Persons with Disabilities

Improved access to harm reduction services will help reduce opioid overdose deaths and support people that experience substance-related harms. Most overdose deaths (76 per cent) occur among men aged 20 to 59. While the pandemic has worsened the overdose crisis among all segments of the population, evidence from Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario shows disproportionate rates of overdoses among Indigenous people. Young people will benefit from targeted investments in community action to prevent substance use. Health workers, families, and other caregivers who support those struggling with substance abuse will indirectly benefit.

Data Sources: Public Health Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Population: Canadians Affected by Substance-Use Harms

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous Peoples

This measure will particularly benefit people who experience higher rates of death by suicide, suicidal thoughts, and other mental health risk factors, including youth and young adults, Indigenous people, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and rural and remote populations. As 988 is implemented, additional responders and supervisors will be hired to meet anticipated demand. It is expected that women will comprise the majority of this workforce, as they represent 80 per cent of employees in the health care and social assistance sector. Efforts will be made to recruit, hire, and train diverse staff to meet the needs of a diverse population.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Canadians Facing a Mental Health Crisis

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Work will be undertaken to expand language availability beyond English and French and to develop community appropriate services to provide tailored supports for priority populations (e.g., Indigenous people, Black and racialized people, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and newcomers).

This measure will address unmet health care needs by making sexual and reproductive health care information and services more accessible for all Canadians, particularly women. Individual projects supported through the Sexual and Reproductive Health Fund may target specific populations who face the highest sexual health risks and the largest barriers to accessing care, including women, youth, persons with disabilities, 2SLGBTQI+ people, Black and racialized people, Indigenous people, people living in rural or remote communities, and low-income people.

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Persons with Disabilities, 2SLGBTQI+ People, Indigenous People, Black and Racialized People, Rural and Remote Communities

This measure will directly benefit the financial and physical health of families with incomes below $90,000 who lack dental care coverage and currently have to pay out of pocket. Lower-income Canadians may particularly benefit as they are less likely to have private dental coverage and have both the highest level of oral health problems and the most difficulty accessing oral health care.

The Oral Health Access Fund will further support vulnerable populations who face barriers to accessing care, such as those living in rural or remote communities and persons with disabilities. The new dental care program will benefit dental professionals who would likely see increased demand for services. Women comprise roughly eight out of ten people working in the dental sector.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Institute for Health Information

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Canadians without Dental Insurance with Family Incomes Less than $90,000

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Persons with Disabilities, Rural and Remote Communities

This initiative will benefit all Canadians by helping to ensure that the Public Health Agency of Canada is better able to respond to future public health events. People with underlying medical conditions, lower-income people, persons with disabilities, Black and racialized people, Indigenous people, and older adults are most likely to benefit, as they are most vulnerable to public health events.

Data Sources: Public Health Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

People with Underlying Medical Conditions, Persons with Disabilities

This measure will benefit provincial governments, municipal governments, and Indigenous communities through support for electric utilities. To the extent that the measure reduces electricity rates, all Canadians will benefit from more affordable electricity, but low-income people will disproportionately benefit, as they spend a greater proportion of their income on utilities. The measure will also benefit workers in construction and at electric utilities, who tend to be disproportionately men and have above average incomes. All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for future generations and vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Electricity Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy. By supporting major clean power projects, this measure will improve the affordability and reliability of electricity for Canadians across the country. Low-income, Indigenous, and Black and racialized households will particularly benefit as they are more likely to be impacted by high electricity rates. This measure will also benefit Canadians who are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including women, Indigenous people, and low-income people. Remote, Northern, and coastal communities are also particularly affected by climate change. While specific data on the electricity sector is unavailable, data on energy sector employment generally suggests that men occupy most jobs (about 70 per cent).

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada, Statistics Canada, Canadian Urban Sustainability Practitioners, Natural Resources Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Women, Indigenous People, Black and Racialized People, New Immigrants, Persons with Disabilities, Rural and Northern Communities, Electricity Sector

These investments will particularly benefit Indigenous and remote communities who currently rely on fossil fuels generation. By contributing to lowering the cost of clean power, this measure will help deliver affordable and reliable electricity to all Canadians. Low-income, Indigenous, and Black and racialized people are expected to benefit in particular as they are more vulnerable to high electricity rates. While specific data on the electricity sector is unavailable, data on energy sector employment generally suggests that men occupy most jobs (about 70 per cent). All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Natural Resources Canada, Statistics Canada, Canadian Urban Sustainability Practitioners

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Women, Indigenous Peoples, Seniors, Black and Racialized People, New Immigrants, Persons with Disabilities, Electricity Sector

The measure will promote diversity and inclusion in hiring—for example, promoting Indigenous participation and leadership in projects—to mitigate potential barriers to employment for groups underrepresented in the electricity sector.

Owners and shareholders of eligible businesses, who are more likely to be men, older, and have higher incomes, will directly benefit. Workers in manufacturing and mining, who are more likely to be men       (71 per cent for manufacturing; 84 per cent for mining and quarrying), working age, and have above average incomes, will benefit to the extent increased investment leads to higher employment and wage increases.

All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for younger generations and vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Clean Technology Manufacturers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

It is expected that owners and shareholders of these businesses, who are more likely to be men, older, and have higher incomes, would directly benefit. Workers in manufacturing, who are more likely to be men (71 per cent) and have above average incomes, would benefit from increased investment leading to higher employment and wage increases.

All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for younger generations and vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Clean Technology Manufacturers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will directly benefit businesses that invest in clean hydrogen technologies, while also benefitting the Canadians who work for them, both now and in the future. Workers in sectors that are likely to acquire clean hydrogen technologies, who are disproportionately (74 per cent) men and higher-income people (roughly 70 per cent higher than other sectors), will benefit to the extent that increased investment leads to higher employment and wage increases. Workers and apprentices in the construction sector would benefit from the labour requirements attached to the credit. Manufacturers of clean hydrogen technologies could also benefit from the increased domestic demand for clean hydrogen technology. All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for younger generations and vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Businesses that Invest in CleanHydrogen Technologies

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit the environmental and clean technology sector. Its workforce mainly comprises men (64 per cent) and persons between the ages of 25 and 54 (70 per cent). All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy, especially vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and Black and racialized, rural, coastal, and urban communities, who are more likely to be disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Smart Prosperity Institute

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Clean Technology Industry

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Owners and shareholders of geothermal assets will benefit the most from this measure and tend to be men, older, and have a higher income. Including geothermal technologies will disproportionately benefit residents of provinces with greater geothermal energy potential, including Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan. Manufacturers of geothermal assets would benefit from the increased domestic demand. Workers in manufacturing are disproportionately men and tend to have above-average incomes. All Canadians would benefit from the positive environmental impacts of the measure.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Firms that Invest in Geothermal Assets

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Clean Technology Sector and Residents of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan

This measure will benefit businesses that invest in carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies. These businesses are more likely to be located in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Employees in the resource, utilities, and manufacturing sectors, who are predominantly (72 per cent) men, would indirectly benefit. All Canadians will benefit from investments that reduce pollution. This is especially true for future generations and vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Firms that Implement Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technologies

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Residents of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, Future Generations, Women, Indigenous Peoples, Rural/Coastal Communities

Updated guidelines on the federal duty to consult will benefit Indigenous communities. Inclusive and accessible engagement processes are aimed at ensuring the new guidelines reflect the varied needs and perspectives of Indigenous Peoples.

Data Sources: Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada statistics

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This initiative reduces barriers for single parents, caregivers, and persons with disabilities to participate in co-development sessions through accessibility and child care supports.

This measure will benefit people and businesses in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Quebec by providing them with clean, affordable electricity. The proposal will especially support older, rural, and low-income Canadians living in these provinces, as they are the most likely to face energy poverty, which is defined as spending more than ten per cent of income on energy utilities. All Canadians will benefit from this investment towards a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Quebec

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Workers at the planned battery manufacturing facility in Ontario will benefit, as will other workers and firms in the electric vehicle (EV) supply chain. While the battery manufacturing sector in Canada is relatively nascent, by looking at the demographics of closely related sectors it is expected that this proposal will primarily benefit men. For example, the manufacturing sector in Canada predominantly comprises men (around 70 per cent in 2022), and the average weekly earnings in the motor vehicle manufacturing sector in Canada was higher than the reported average for all sectors (2021 data).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Ontario, Workers in Battery Manufacturing and EV Supply Chain

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit all Canadians by increasing the pace and scale of investment into decarbonization and clean technology, which will help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to Canada's climate targets. While employment in these sectors disproportionately benefits men, who make up approximately 64 per cent of the environmental and clean technology sector, this proposal is expected to benefit all Canadians, as they will benefit from investments in a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change. This fund will also help create long-lasting, environmentally sustainable economic opportunities that will benefit Canadian youth over the long term.

Data Sources: Data sources: Statistics Canada, internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The conditions tied to these credits may increasingly benefit groups that are underrepresented in the labour force. To the extent that better wages are paid to workers, increasing workers' compensation will initially benefit men disproportionately, since they represented approximately 87 per cent of the construction workforce in 2022. Similarly, improvements in employment opportunities and/or wages for apprentices will disproportionately benefit men, who represented 88 per cent of registered apprentices in 2021. Since 2018, federal investments in apprenticeship training have promoted inclusion and accessibility of persons with disabilities, women, Black and racialized people, and Indigenous people.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Construction Workers and Apprentices

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Tradespeople and apprentices who purchase tools as a condition of employment will benefit from the increased deduction. The majority of people who claim this deduction are men (96 per cent), and 82 per cent were aged 44 or under. The median income among claimants in 2020 was about $62,000. Since 2018, federal investments in apprenticeship training have promoted inclusion and accessibility of persons with disabilities, women, Black and racialized people, and Indigenous people.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Tradespeople and Apprentices

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Creating a framework for Employee Ownership Trusts (EOT) will assist workers in small- and medium-sized enterprises in becoming employee-owners. Data from the United Kingdom suggests that EOTs may be more likely to form in sectors with above-average compensation, such as the professional, scientific and technical services, construction, and manufacturing sectors.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada, 2020 Employee Ownership Trust Survey

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Employee-Owners, Retirement-aged Business Owners

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

As a qualifying condition to benefit from any tax changes, an EOT would be required to ensure a broad subset of employees, including part-time employees, are included as beneficiaries. These latter employees are more likely to be younger, women, and have lower incomes.

The temporary extension will specifically benefit seasonal workers in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, and Yukon. In these regions, men account for close to two-thirds of Employment Insurance (EI) claimants who exhaust their benefit entitlement and who, as such, could be eligible for the up to five additional weeks of regular benefits provided by this measure.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Seasonal EI Claimants in Designated Regions

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Seasonal EI Claimants in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, and Yukon

These legislative amendments will benefit up to 41,000 gig workers in the federally regulated private sector, who are predominantly men and low-income earners of working age. Federally regulated gig workers include those in road transportation, courier and postal services, and telecommunication and broadcasting sectors. 

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Program

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Federally Regulated Gig Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Road Transportation, Courier and Postal Services, and Telecommunication and Broadcasting Sectors

This measure will primarily benefit men who are disproportionately represented in the manufacturing sector, which has been historically the main user of Work-Sharing agreements. In 2019-20, the manufacturing sector accounted for 85 per cent of Work-Sharing claims.

Data Sources: 2020-2021 Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report ; Gender differences in employment one year into the   COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis by industrial sector and firm size (statcan.gc.ca)

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Employers and Employment Insurance Eligible Employees

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Manufacturing Sector

Students, most often young Canadians, enrolled in post-secondary institutions will directly benefit from the continuation of the Student Work Placement Program. The Program will aim to benefit underrepresented students, including students with disabilities, Black and racialized students, Indigenous people, and/or women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Education and Skills Development

Target Population:

Post-secondary Students

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Students with Disabilities, Black and Racialized Students, Indigenous Students, Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Programs

This measure will directly benefit unionized federal workers. A majority of unionized workers in federally regulated sectors are located in Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta. Men will benefit somewhat more, as they represent a larger portion (65 per cent) of federally regulated workers compared to women (35 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Unionized Federally Regulated Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Overall, the Labour Market Transfer Agreements support more than one million workers annually, in all regions of the country. They are effective at reaching people from groups that are underrepresented in the labour market. For example, in 2020-21, persons with disabilities, Indigenous people, and youth (aged 15-24) represented a greater portion of the total population served under the Labour Market Transfer Agreements than their share of the labour force availability. The impact is expected to be roughly balanced by gender. In 2019-20, 44.5 per cent of clients served under the Labour Market Development Agreements were women. 

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Unemployed People and Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Underrepresented Groups

This measure will benefit all Canadians through economic growth created by increased trade and more reliable access to goods. This measure will also improve the transportation system's ability to respond to future disruptions, including climate-driven events, which will benefit all Canadians. The measure will indirectly benefit the transportation and construction sectors, which tend to predominantly employ men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, industry reports

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Transportation and Construction Sectors

This measure will directly benefit communities serviced by VIA Rail, particularly rural, remote, and Indigenous communities outside of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor where alternative forms of transportation may be limited. Across all VIA Rail routes, women make up 60 per cent of ridership and youth make up 20 per cent. Train maintenance will benefit the transportation and construction industries, which tend to predominantly employ men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Communities Served by VIA Rail Canada, VIA Rail Canada Passengers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural and Remote Communities, Transportation and Construction Sectors

This measure will directly benefit working-aged, White men in coastal communities, who are overrepresented in the fields of marine seafarers (99 per cent men); science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (77 per cent men); and construction (88 per cent men), through increased economic activity, mainly construction in Atlantic Canada, especially near Westport, Nova Scotia, and Lark Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Canadian Coast Guard vessel operations and crew training. The recruitment process for crew will have distinct considerations for Black and racialized people. This investment will indirectly benefit Canadians by supporting the Canadian Coast Guard to ensure safe and accessible waterways for Canadians.

Data Sources: Canadian Coast Guard, Statistics Canada, International Labour Organization, International Chamber of Shipping, Conference Board of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Coastal Regions of Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Construction Sector in Atlantic Canada

The measure is likely to maintain or exacerbate existing barriers to participation in crew and construction, specifically for women, Indigenous people, and persons with disabilities. To mitigate this, the recruitment process will have distinct considerations for Black and racialized people. Additionally, work is already underway to make Canadian Coast Guard vessels and facilities more accessible.

This measure will directly benefit people in Eastern Canada by continuing to connect communities and helping to ensure essential goods reach remote populations, notably Îles-de-la-Madeleine. The regional economy will also benefit as ferry services support the tourism and fisheries industries, as well as other local small businesses. This measure will indirectly benefit ferry operators, whose employees and crews are predominantly men.

Data Sources: Transport Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Communities and Travellers in Eastern Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Tourism, Fishery, and Transportation Sectors, Local Businesses, Remote Populations

These measures will directly benefit residents, businesses, and visitors in the Montreal area by supporting safe and efficient transportation in the region. Indirectly, men will disproportionately benefit from these measures, as men make up 87 per cent of the construction industry's workforce.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Montreal Area Residents, Businesses, and Visitors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Investments that support business research and development, growth, and productivity improvements will directly benefit small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), resulting in disproportionate benefits for White men. In 2020, 68.9 per cent of SMEs were majority-owned by men. Employees of SMEs—who are approximately 48 per cent women—may also benefit. Indirect benefits of attaining work-ready skills will accrue to college students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects, where women represent 32 per cent of students.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Owners of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises, College Students

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

STEM Sector

In response to barriers for women, Black and racialized people, Indigenous people, or persons with disabilities, the program is in the process of actioning key recommendations, which include supporting research that engages with Indigenous communities. Programming also encourages grant applicants to demonstrate how inclusion and advancement of underrepresented groups will be embedded in projects.

These measures will benefit the Canadian space sector and scientific community. Small- and medium-sized enterprises make up 90 per cent of the space sector, and men represent 72 per cent of the workforce. Benefits will be more concentrated in Quebec and Ontario, as this is where 75 per cent of the space sector workforce is located. Scientists and researchers in the science, technology, engineering, and

mathematics (STEM) fields within the Canadian Space Agency and in academia are also expected to benefit. Science conducted on the Lunar Gateway may also contribute to advancements in technology related to remote food production and health care. These technology solutions could be applied to benefit Canadians who are in rural and remote regions.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Space Sector, Academic and Scientific Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

STEM Graduates, Ontario, and Quebec

Over 70 per cent of Indigenous communities are in forested areas, with a high concentration in British Columbia. Many of those communities are small and located in rural areas. The forest industry workforce, compared to the overall Canadian workforce, includes a higher representation of men (over 80 per cent), Indigenous people, rural and remote workers, and people without post-secondary education. The measure will increase Indigenous communities' participation in the sector, as well as support the conservation and protection of the environment and the productive capacity of their lands or territories, by strengthening Canada's forest management and encouraging increased Indigenous involvement in decision-making.

Data Sources: Natural Resources Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Forestry Sector, Indigenous People

Program design and implementation will seek to mitigate barriers Indigenous business owners face including enhanced outreach activities, capacity building supports, Regional Liaison Offices, and funding for forest sector activities prioritized by Indigenous proponents.

This measure will benefit the employees and owners of dairy processing firms, as well as dairy farmers. Overall benefits are expected to be skewed toward White men of high income. Men are more likely to own larger businesses and Canadian dairy processing is concentrated among a few large firms, including farmer-owned co-operatives. Also, 73 per cent of dairy farmers are men. In 2020, the average total family income of dairy farmers ($201,621) was 60 per cent higher than that of all Canadian families ($126,100). The program will primarily benefit Quebec and Ontario, which together receive more than 70 per cent of the funding, in line with their share of the industry.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture, Agriculture Taxation Data Program

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Medium-Large Dairy Processors, All Dairy Farmers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Ontario, Quebec

This measure will directly benefit farmers in Eastern Canada, who are predominantly older, White men. In 2021, 69.6 per cent of farm operators were men, and 60.5 per cent were aged 55 and older. The potential reduction in fertilizer use will also have a positive climate impact, which all Canadians will benefit from, especially vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture, Agriculture Taxation Data Program

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Eastern Canadian Farmers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Grains and Oilseeds Farmers

This measure will directly benefit livestock farmers, who tend to be older, White men. Men account for 71 per cent of hog farmers, 69 per cent of beef cattle farmers, and 73 per cent of dairy farmers. Farms with older operators only (35 years and over) account for 78 per cent of hog farms, 86 per cent of beef cattle farms, and 74 per cent of dairy farms. The measure will indirectly benefit employees in the meat processing sector, 62 per cent of which are men (compared to 48 per cent in the overall economy), 87 per cent are between the ages of 25 and 64, and 40.5 per cent self-identify as Black and racialized (compared to 21 per cent in the overall economy). Benefits will be more concentrated in Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, as this is where 75 per cent of the livestock sector is located.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture, Census of Population

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Canadian Livestock Farmers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Alberta, Ontario, Quebec

This measure will directly benefit farmers, who tend to be older, White men of higher income. In 2021, 69.6 per cent of farm operators were men, and 60.5 per cent were aged 55 and older. In 2020, the average total income for all Canadian farm families ($179,700) was 42 per cent higher than that of all Canadian families ($126,100). Employees on Canadian farms will benefit indirectly and tend to be working-age men of lower income. 63 per cent of general farm workers are men and 59 per cent are between the ages of 25 and 64.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture, Agriculture Taxation Data Program

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Agricultural Producers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Grains and Oilseeds Producers

Men with higher income will directly benefit from this measure. In 2020, men accounted for 73 per cent of the number of Mineral Exploration Tax Credit claimants and 85 per cent of the value of the claims. Further, in 2020, 82 per cent of people taking flow- through shares-related deductions were in the highest tax bracket. Resource development spurred by this measure would support job creation in certain communities, especially in Alberta and Saskatchewan, where lithium from brines deposits is primarily located. The measure will promote increased supply of lithium, which is associated with positive environmental impacts as it is used to make rechargeable batteries. All Canadians will benefit from investments towards a low-carbon economy. This is especially true for future generations and vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Brines Exploration Firms

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural and Remote Communities, Indigenous People

This measure will directly benefit all Canadians by improving the safety and efficiency of road and air transportation, and by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Indirect benefits will accrue to those working in the connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) and aerial drone sectors, who are primarily men, and tend to be highly educated and high-income earners in urban areas. 

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, National Collision Database

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Transportation and Technology Industries

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Stakeholders in CAV and Aerial Drone Sectors  

Transport Canada's Motor Vehicle Test Centre, which undertakes many CAV regulatory activities, hosts an internship program for women in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields, and prioritizes the inclusion of Indigenous service suppliers.

This measure will directly benefit waterway users, including people and businesses in the marine transportation and fishing industries, which predominantly employ men.  This measure will also indirectly benefit the construction industry through the timely approval of capital projects on navigable waters, which tends to predominantly employ men. This measure will also help advance Indigenous self-determination through engagement and consultations with affected communities. All Canadians will indirectly benefit from a more reliable transportation network.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Transportation, Construction, and Fishing Sectors, Indigenous People

The Transportation Safety Board's work in aviation, marine, pipeline, and rail occurrence investigations will directly benefit all Canadians through a safer domestic transportation system. The measure will also improve the confidence of Canadians in government institutions by supporting independent investigations and transparent public reporting.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Investments in business scale-up and productivity, as well as in regional innovation ecosystems across Canada, will directly benefit not-for-profit organizations; urban, rural, and remote communities; as well as small- and medium-sized enterprises. There may be disproportionate benefits for men, as gender imbalances exist in small- and medium-sized enterprise ownership across various sectors. Canada's regional development agencies prioritize support for small- and medium-sized enterprises owned or led by underrepresented groups.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Entrepreneurs and Owners of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit Northerners. While support for small businesses could lead to disproportionate benefits for men, who own 59 per cent of Northern small businesses, outreach to underrepresented groups will result in more gender-balanced impacts. The program will also benefit low-income people through support for work- integrated learning opportunities. Increased opportunities and targeted calls for young entrepreneurs will benefit youth, who represent a greater portion of the population in the territories (21 per cent) than the overall Canadian youth population (19 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, National Indigenous Economic Development Board

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Northern Populations

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency will provide targeted support and outreach to women, youth, Indigenous people, and other underrepresented communities to ensure equitable benefits through this program.

The expansion of market access will directly benefit owners of agriculture and food processing businesses that engage in export activities. 69.6 per cent of farm owners are men, and 64.8 per cent are between 35 and 64 years of age. Among food processing businesses whose ownership is known, 56.6 per cent are majority owned by men, with 17 per cent being equally owned by men and women. People employed in agriculture and food processing will benefit indirectly, and tend to be working-age men. Men account for 62.9 per cent of general farm workers and 59.1 per cent of employees in food processing. Food safety programming benefits all Canadians, particularly seniors (19 per cent of the Canadian population) and those with underlying health conditions.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture, Census of Population, Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Owners of Agriculture and Food Processing Businesses

This measure will directly benefit the agricultural sector and have broader long-term benefits for all Canadians by enabling research such as the development of new technologies that will help protect the environment from adverse effects of livestock production. Agricultural producers tend to be older, White men. In 2021, men accounted for 69.6 per cent of all farm operators, and women accounted for 30.4 per cent. Employment generated from this measure will indirectly benefit the construction labour force, which is 86 per cent men, with 59 per cent being between the ages of 35 to 64. Environmental protections disproportionately benefit vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Agriculture Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Researchers in the Agriculture and Agri-Food Sector, Primary Agriculture, and Construction Sectors

This measure will predominantly benefit people living in Yukon and the Northwest Territories by ensuring the environmental impacts of future oil and gas activities in the territories are fully understood. According to the 2016 Census, women make up 50 per cent of the population in Yukon, and 49 per cent in the Northwest Territories. Indigenous people make up 51 per cent of the population in the Northwest Territories and 21 per cent in Yukon.  

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Northern Populations

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous Peoples in Yukon and the Northwest Territories

First Nations men of working age may disproportionately benefit from this measure, as departmental data indicate that more than 60 per cent of elected leadership positions within First Nations communities are currently held by men. At a broader level, this measure will benefit members of First Nations communities through capacity for financial and human resources management, planning and risk management, community engagement, and service provision.

Data Sources: Indigenous Services Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Leadership and Democratic Participation

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit Northern Indigenous communities. Increased participation will also benefit youth and future generations through improved environmental protection measures and increased economic opportunity. Indirectly, these programs could disproportionately benefit men to the degree in which they lead to the increased approval of major resource projects, as men represent more than 80 per cent of workers in the natural resources sector. As this measure could also increase employment opportunities for local Indigenous communities, it is expected to somewhat benefit lower-income people as Indigenous people (18.8 per cent) are more likely to live in low-income households than non-Indigenous people (10.7 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, World Health Organization, Government of Northwest Territories

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples, Northerners, Natural Resources Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

To ensure that women's voices are included in Northern environmental assessments, the Northern Participant Funding Program will include representatives from Indigenous women's groups on the program's application review committee and will encourage funding recipients to include underrepresented groups in their input.

This measure will directly benefit Indigenous communities participating in co-development of a shared vision for an Economic Reconciliation Framework. Over time, direct and indirect economic benefits will flow to Indigenous entrepreneurs, businesses, and communities in the form of increased and varied employment and training opportunities and increased own-source revenue to support the delivery of community programming and self-determination. Indigenous men make up the majority of Indigenous entrepreneurs. Past studies by the National Indigenous Economic Development Board have estimated that closing the gap in economic outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people could increase Canada's GDP by $27.7 billion per year.

Data Sources: National Indigenous Economic Development Board

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous Business Owners

Co-development of the Framework will include targeted engagement with organizations that represent Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people to ensure the process incorporates their unique needs and perspectives.

Engagement towards development of the National Benefits-Sharing Framework will benefit Indigenous rights-holders directly affected by major natural resource projects, often located near rural or remote communities. The resource sector is the largest private employer of Indigenous people in Canada, and Indigenous businesses are more than 40 times as likely to be involved in resource extraction. While it is primarily men who participate in the resource sectors, oil and gas related occupations also represent the top six highest-paying occupations for both Indigenous men and women in Canada. Lending by the Canada Infrastructure Bank will further benefit Indigenous communities.

Data Sources: Financial Post, Macdonald-Laurier Institute

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Natural Resource and Infrastructure Sectors

Engagements on the National Benefits-Sharing Framework will seek to explore options to make resource development projects safer for Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, who have historically faced high rates of violence associated with resource development projects near Indigenous communities.

Investments in the Reserve Land and Environment Management Program will lead to improved environmental protection, and more sustainable, culturally appropriate development. Since nearly 60 per cent of trained and certified land managers on reserve are women, First Nations women will benefit from new professional development opportunities. Co-development of a new First Nation-led National Land Registry will directly benefit members of signatory communities to the Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management by improving investor confidence and increasing the number and quality of economic development opportunities on their lands.

Data Sources: Indigenous Services Canada, National Aboriginal Lands Managers Association, Lands Advisory Board

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

First Nations

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

These measures will maintain essential health care services to improve the immediate and future health and well-being of First Nations and Inuit populations. First Nations and Inuit face a lower life expectancy and a higher disease burden than non-Indigenous Canadians, and face challenges accessing culturally safe health care services. Investments will also support prevention, testing, and treatment to reduce tuberculosis rates, which are 300 times higher in Inuit populations than non-Indigenous Canadians.

Data Sources: Indigenous Services Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

First Nations and Inuit

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Persons with Disabilities or Health Issues, Rural and Remote Communities

These measures will directly impact Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, especially those who live in remote communities and experience elevated risks of violence. Indigenous women are 16 times more likely to be murdered or go missing than White women, and are more likely than non-Indigenous women to have experienced sexual assault (43 per cent vs. 30 per cent) or intimate partner violence (61 per cent vs. 44 per cent). They also experience discrimination within the justice system.

Data Sources: Final report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces (2018)

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Indigenous Women, Girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ People

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Remote Populations

Funding for Jordan's Principle will benefit all First Nations children, particularly those with disabilities, through the provision of health, social, and educational services. Supports will also benefit their communities and families, which face disproportionately high rates of poverty and other systemic barriers that may prevent access to the services and supports available to non-Indigenous children. According to the 2021 Census, 53.8 per cent of children in foster care in Canada are Indigenous, but Indigenous children account for only 7.7 per cent of the child population. First Nations jurisdiction over child welfare will benefit First Nations children and their families, including those with low incomes or single-parent households, who are more likely to enter the child welfare system.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Program data

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

First Nations Children and Families

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Children with Disabilities

Settlement funds will allow participating First Nations bands to make long-term investments in language, culture, heritage, and wellness, benefitting community members of 325 participating First Nations bands. Reclamation of language, culture, and heritage is fundamental to a sense of belonging, cultural identity, community coherence, and well-being. Language revitalization efforts will particularly benefit youth and future generations. The ability of each community to make investments based on their own priorities will contribute to self-determination.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

First Nations Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Remote Communities

Strengthening the Freshwater Action Plan, which will be implemented through a new Canada Water Agency, will benefit younger generations and people living around waterbodies who rely on them as their drinking water source, and people working in sectors such as tourism, agriculture, and fisheries that depend on freshwater. These residents and workers are dependent on good water quality and the reduction of negative impacts of toxic algal blooms, industrial contaminants, and climate change for their health and the state of their surrounding environment. While impacted sectors tend to be dominated by men, work to remediate water systems will be mainly carried out by those with science and project management expertise, which is relatively balanced between men and women among government workers.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Ontario Federation of Agriculture, Canadian Council of Professional Fish Harvesters, City of Toronto Neighbourhood Profile

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

People Living Near Waterbodies, Indigenous Peoples

To avoid the exclusion of Indigenous Peoples from the decisions concerning their environment, Indigenous Peoples will be involved in all steps of the implementation of the Freshwater Action Plan, through greater engagement, and seeking Indigenous advisory expertise, especially from women who are the traditional "water carriers" in Indigenous communities.

Protecting whales and their habitats will directly benefit marine sector employees and indirectly benefit the approximately 300,000 Indigenous people living in coastal communities. The protection of whales also recognizes their cultural significance to Indigenous Peoples. Employment generated by this measure will predominantly benefit men, who are typically overrepresented in commercial fishing, science, and enforcement. This will also benefit the marine tourism industry.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Canadians Living near Coastal Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous Peoples, Marine Sector Employees

Reductions in harvest opportunities for Indigenous-owned commercial and recreational fisheries will be minimized through flexible fishing closures, to ensure sustainable harvest access while protecting whales. Departments will also engage with potentially affected Indigenous communities.

This measure will directly benefit the marine transportation industry, and indirectly benefit industries adjacent to marine transportation, such as clean technology, fuels, and construction. These industries predominantly employ men. All Canadians will benefit from reduced emissions and improved air quality, particularly those living in coastal communities. This is especially true for vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development International Transportation Forum

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Marine Transportation Sector and Workers, Coastal Communities

Efforts to protect species at risk across the country will broadly benefit all Canadians, especially those who live in proximity to habitats that will be protected. Indigenous communities will benefit, as the species in these habitats are important both culturally and nutritionally, and can contribute to food security. There could be indirect negative impacts for those working in sectors disrupted by the protection of critical habitat areas, but there could also be positive benefits for workers in sectors which rely on a long-term, sustainable presence of fish and other species.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Nature Survey

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural and Remote Canadians, Indigenous Peoples

There is dedicated Species at Risk Act funding to supporting Indigenous communities in participating in conservation efforts.

This measure will help protect Canadians against the costs of natural disasters, which disproportionately impact Indigenous people, women, seniors, Black and racialized people, new immigrants, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and persons with disabilities. The extent to which this measure helps address the financial vulnerabilities of these groups will depend on the final design of the insurance program.  

Data Sources: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Statistics Canada, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Canadian Red Cross

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

People in High-Risk Areas for Natural Disasters

This measure will particularly benefit those vulnerable to natural disasters that exacerbate underlying inequalities. Studies have shown that Indigenous Peoples, women, seniors, Black and racialized people, and new immigrants, 2SLGBTQI+ people, persons with disabilities, and people who live in regions that present a higher risk of a climate-related disaster are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of disasters and may require more support.

Data Sources: Canadian Red Cross, Statistics Canada, Federal Emergency Management Agency

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

People in Areas at High Risk of Natural Disasters

This measure will enable all Canadians to take action to protect their households from flood damage by providing flood risk information. This will be of particular benefit to people living in high-risk flood zones, which tend to have a higher-than-average proportion of Indigenous Peoples and persons with reduced mobility (e.g. seniors). Regions at high risk of flooding also tend to score lower on measures of income and wealth, such as proportion not in the labour force.

Data Sources: Public Safety Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

People in Areas at High Risk of Flooding

This measure will benefit all Canadians by promoting bilingualism and the French language in Canada, including our official language minority communities and Francophones across the country. Of the 7.8 million Francophones living in Canada, nearly a million live outside Quebec, while nearly 1.1 million Anglophones live in Quebec. Investments in minority-language education and second-language learning will support students and youth. Investments in bilingual delivery of government services will assist people and families from official language minority communities, especially seniors, newcomers, and those living in rural and remote areas. As women make up 70 per cent of education services and 77 per cent of the non-profit sector, they will benefit from investments in these fields.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Education and Skills Development

Target Population:

All Canadians, Official Language Minority

Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

English and French Learners, Francophone Immigrants, Francophone Communities

This initiative will contribute to the featuring of more content from Francophone and equity-deserving communities. This initiative will also provide employment and training opportunities for creators and others from equity-deserving communities. Canada's screen sector is primarily concentrated in Vancouver, Montreal, and Toronto. However, these investments will generate economic activity in multiple communities across Canada. People employed in the sector tend to have slightly below average incomes. The proportion of women in projects supported in production is more than 50 per cent for directors, writers, and producers.

Data Sources: Canada Media Fund, Women in View, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Francophone and, Equity-Deserving Communities in the Canadian Screen-Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Regional and Local Communities

Support for the tourism sector is expected to increase employment opportunities for underrepresented groups. In 2019, women and youth represented 51 per cent and 31 per cent of the tourism labour force, compared to 48 per cent and 13 per cent of the overall workforce, respectively, making it one of the top employment sectors for youth. Black and racialized people and Indigenous people represented 27.5 per cent and 4.1 per cent of the tourism labour force, respectively, while in the overall economy, these demographic groups make up 21.3 per cent and 3.7 per cent of the workforce.

Canada's profile as a destination for major international business meetings would also be enhanced, resulting in positive reputation impacts for Canada abroad.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Tourism Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural and Remote Communities

This measure will directly support Black and racialized people, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and other communities at risk of being victimized by hate-motivated crime. The measure will also increase community safety and social cohesion across Canada, improving the well-being of all Canadians.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

People and Communities at Risk of Being Victimized by Hate-Motivated Crime

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Black and Racialized People, 2SLGBTQI+

This measure benefits over 31 per cent of the Canadian population who identifies as Indigenous, Black and racialized and/or a member of a religious minority community.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Black and Racialized People, Indigenous People

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The work of the new Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion Secretariat at the Privy Council Office will specifically benefit Black and racialized people and Indigenous people, through policy leadership and advice, and through the identification, removal and prevention of barriers to racial equity and inclusion in policy proposals.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Black and Racialized People, Indigenous People

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Persons with Disabilities, 2SLGBTQI+ People

To address systemic racism, further increase diversity, and create a culture of inclusion in the public service, targeted programming for Black employees will address specific issues of trauma and barriers to career advancement. This was designed with input from Black Employee Networks. A more diverse and inclusive public service will more accurately reflect Canada's population and be better positioned to design and deliver programs and services that reflect their diverse needs.

Data Sources: Employment Equity in the Public Service of Canada, Public Service Employee Survey results

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Leadership and Democratic Participation

Target Population:

Black Employees in the Federal Public Service, Black Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Black and Racialized People

As part of the government's broader Anti-Racism and Anti-Discrimination Strategy, several programs and supports are available to address discrimination and harassment experienced by affected groups in the public service who do not identify as Black.

According to the 2020 Public Service Employee Survey, certain federal public servants are more likely to experience harassment, racism, and discrimination in the workplace. These public servants include those who identify as Black, racialized, women, Indigenous, persons with disabilities, or 2SLGBTQI+, or those with intersecting characteristics within these groups. Ultimately, the implementation of Restorative Engagement Programs is expected to contribute to a reduction in discrimination and harassment in the workplace, leading to a more inclusive federal public service.

Data Sources: Public Service Employee Survey results, Employment Equity in the Public Service of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Federal Public Servants Who Have Experienced Harassment and Discrimination in the Workplace

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Black and Racialized People, 2SLGBTQI+ People, Indigenous People

This measure will help the Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment continue to improve the health and well-being of public safety personnel and their families. Many public safety personnel suffer from post- traumatic stress injuries. A 2017 study of public safety personnel in Canada found that more than 44 per cent of participants screened positive for one or more symptoms consistent with mental disorders.

Data Sources: Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Public Safety Personnel and Their Families

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Persons with Mental Health Issues

This measure will ensure a more accessible review process and be of particular benefit communities that are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, including men, Indigenous people, and Black Canadians. This Commission will also mitigate some of the financial barriers posed by the current process by assisting low-income people who have a potential wrongful conviction and cannot afford a lawyer, to access and navigate the review process. Men comprise over 95 per cent of the population in federal correctional facilities. 27 per cent of the adult offenders in federal correctional facilities identified as Indigenous, while nine per cent of offenders were Black Canadians.

Data Sources: Justice Canada, Statistics Canada, Correctional Service of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

People Who Allege to Have Been Wrongfully Convicted of a Criminal Offence

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, Black and Racialized People

Additional funding for the Women's Program will benefit women. Certain groups of women and girls may benefit in particular from this programming as they face additional challenges or barriers to equality as a result of intersecting identity factors and systems of oppression. For example, while the national poverty rate is 8.1 per cent, certain groups of women have higher incidences of poverty including: single mothers (14 per cent); Indigenous women (12 per cent); and women who are Black and/or racialized (12 per cent).

The program prioritizes initiatives benefitting Indigenous, Black and racialized women; women with disabilities; and women living in Northern, rural, and remote communities.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Women Across Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous Women, Black and Racialized Women, Women with Disabilities, and Women Living in Northern, Rural, and Remote Communities

This measure will support physical activity for all Canadians, but may particularly benefit certain groups for which socioeconomic and environmental obstacles to physical activity can be greater, such as Indigenous people, Black and racialized people, newcomers, households with low income, women and girls, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and persons with disabilities.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, Black and Racialized People, 2SLGBTQI+ People, Persons with Disabilities, Low-Income People

This measure directly benefits Northern, Indigenous, and rural communities who are vulnerable to food insecurity. Over one in ten Canadians were living in a household that reported food insecurity in 2020, with the impacts disproportionately felt by those living in lone-parent households, those reliant on social assistance, and Black and Indigenous people. Food insecurity also varies by province and region. Indigenous, remote, and Northern communities are particularly vulnerable because of the higher cost of living and other geographic, social, and economic factors.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Indigenous and Rural Communities Facing Food Insecurity

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Black People and Lone-Parent Households

Low-income Canadians with disabilities and their families are expected to benefit from this measure, given Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) contribution trends and the progressive design of Canada Disability Savings Grants and Bonds. Of the RDSP-eligible adult population aged 18-49, men (60 per cent) are represented more than women (40 per cent). Rural-dwelling beneficiaries have lower take-up of RDSPs and are expected to benefit the most from this measure. In the long term, this measure will help persons with disabilities, who are statistically more likely to live in poverty, by supporting their long-term financial security.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Employment and Social Development Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Persons With Disabilities and Their Families

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural or Remote Populations

The measure will benefit persons with disabilities, in particular those groups with proportionally higher reported rates of disability, such as Indigenous People, the 2SLGBTQI+ community, and those with lower incomes or living in poverty. While disability is more prevalent among women (24 per cent) than men (20 per cent), the gender impact is balanced, with women comprising about 56 per cent of all persons with disabilities. Further, while the prevalence of disability increases significantly with age, the benefits are generationally balanced, as about one third of all Canadians with disabilities are aged 65 and over.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, 2SLGBTQI+ Action Plan Survey

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Persons With Disabilities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, 2SLGBTQI+ People

This initiative will provide local communities opportunities to engage with inclusive arts and heritage content. The initiative will benefit Canadian artists, cultural workers, and organizers of local arts, heritage, and celebration events, including those from marginalized communities. In comparison to other Canadian workers, the arts sector is characterized by high levels of education, precarious employment, and lower incomes. This measure will benefit all Canadians by increasing community development and empowerment and social engagement and cohesion.

Data Sources: Hill Strategies

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Arts and Culture Sectors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, 2SLGBTQI+ People

This measure will benefit all high-performance athletes. Since women, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and Black and racialized people may be disproportionately affected by cases of harassment, abuse, and discrimination and may not have the resources to press for accountability, they would benefit more from the measure. High-performance athletes tend to be younger (below 35 years of age) and a high number qualify as low-income people, with limited income opportunities due to the time constraints of their training.

Data Sources: Sport Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

High-Performance Athletes

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

2SLGBTQI+ Athletes, Athletes with Disabilities, and Black and Racialized Athletes

Of 7.8 million Francophones living in Canada, nearly one million live outside Quebec, while nearly 1.1 million Anglophones live in Quebec. This program will provide employment assistance to members of official language minority communities who are experiencing unemployment, underemployment, precarious employment, or low-wage employment. It will help up to 59,000 participants per year to plan for, find, and secure a job, increasing their income and reducing dependence on social assistance.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Members of Official Language Minority Communities Experiencing Unemployment, Underemployment, or Precarious Employment

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure is designed to benefit Black Canadians by continuing federal supports for Black-led and Black-serving grassroots and not-for-profit organizations, with a particular focus on targeting youth and low-income communities.
Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Black People

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit applicants for Canadian citizenship—about 200,000 to 300,000 people per year. Applicants are roughly gender-balanced (52 per cent women). Apart from the direct benefits to applicants themselves, the measure will also improve the accuracy of citizenship application security screening, benefitting all Canadians.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Citizenship Applicants

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit certain international travellers to Canada and Canadians with family members in eligible countries, as well as the airline sector and regions that rely on tourism through increased economic activity. Benefitting travellers are likely to be higher income due to eligibility criteria and past travel history. Other characteristics of benefitting travellers will depend on the eligible countries selected. The measure is also expected to strengthen Canada's relationship with eligible countries by facilitating more travel to Canada. The tourism industry in Canada, and those working in it who tend to be youth, will benefit from the increase in visitors to Canada..

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Travellers from Eligible Countries

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Airline and Tourism Sectors, Canadians with Family Members in Eligible Countries

Federal funding for legal aid services will benefit those with low incomes. This measure will benefit asylum seekers who are low-income, from an ethnic, religious, and/or cultural minority community, speak limited English or French, identify as 2SLGBTQI+, and/or may suffer from trauma and mental health issues.

Data Sources: Justice Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Economically Disadvantaged People

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

New Immigrants, Black and Racialized People, Persons with Mental Health Issues, 2SLGBTQI+ People

The processes and practice of colonialism have produced longstanding historical disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada. Implementation of the Act will benefit Indigenous Peoples, where socio-economic gaps have perpetuated lower incomes in Indigenous communities compared to non-Indigenous communities in the same region, by addressing gender-based oppression, socio-economic inequalities, and barriers to full economic and political participation.

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will improve the safety and security of all Canadians by enhancing regulation of the explosives sector, which includes mining, construction, quarrying, and oil and gas industries, among others. This measure will directly benefit working-age men, as this group comprises approximately 72 per cent of workers in the natural resources sector. In addition, this measure will directly benefit workers in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics  fields, which are overrepresented by middle- to higher-income earners and men, who represent 70 per cent of workers in this industry. Black and racialized people are underrepresented in these sectors when compared to the general working-age population.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Workers in the Explosives Sector

Accommodations will be made so that Canadians can contact the program administrators directly, as the licensing portal transitions to a primarily online system. This could improve access for people who may have difficulty completing online applications. In addition, Natural Resources Canada will incorporate inclusive hiring practices as developed within the Office of Equity, Diversity and Inclusion to ensure Departmental diversity and gender goals are met.

This measure will benefit the fish and seafood industry, which predominantly employs lower-income, working-aged men. Indigenous people are disproportionately represented in the fish and seafood industry, making up 13 per cent of the workforce. This measure will benefit Indigenous people participating in traditional harvesting by protecting these fish and their habitats. This measure will also indirectly benefit Canadians living near aquatic habitats through improved environmental and fish health outcomes.

Data Sources: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Statistics Canada, Assembly of First Nations, BuildForce Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Communities Near Fish and Fish Habitat

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Fish and Seafood Sector, Indigenous People

Indigenous Peoples may be more negatively affected by project development across the country and the influx of workers who may move closer to their communities. In response, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans works with and provides support to Indigenous Peoples to engage in consultations on project decisions that may adversely impact Indigenous and treaty rights.

This measure will directly benefit people and small to medium-sized companies involved in fisheries, aquaculture, and seafood processing. Those who participate in these sectors tend to be lower-income workers where men comprise 69 per cent of the workforce. Indigenous people represent 13 per cent of these workers. Generally, the organizations applying to the program are led by men (90 per cent) and Indigenous people (5 per cent). This measure will indirectly impact employment for people working in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) sector by increasing adoption of new technologies. These sectors also tend to predominantly employ men.

Data Sources: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Statistics Canada, Advisory Council on Economic Growth

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Stakeholders in the Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Seafood Processing Sectors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Small to Medium-Sized Businesses in Coastal Regions, Indigenous Peoples

This measure will directly benefit people living in coastal communities, which is 18 per cent of the Canadian population. By supporting the coordination of conservation and sustainable economic activities, this measure will benefit Canadians disproportionately affected by the changing climate, namely Indigenous people, women, and Black and racialized people in coastal communities. Indigenous participants will benefit from funding dedicated to support their participation in the consultation process to develop the plans because they will have an opportunity to provide input on the program's data.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Environmental Careers Organization, Statistics Canada, World Meteorological Organization

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Coastal Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People

This program includes funding for contribution agreements with Indigenous people participating in the program's activities to address barriers to participation and ensure that marine spatial planning processes are informed by Indigenous perspectives and knowledge.

All Canadians will benefit from updates to the Meteorological Service of Canada, as the risk posed from natural disasters increases across the country, along with people (predominantly men) working in industries that are particularly exposed to weather, such as agriculture and transportation. Indigenous people, women and children, and low-income people will disproportionately benefit, as they face the worst outcomes from natural disasters. Men may also disproportionately benefit from the high-salary job opportunities created by this program as they are overrepresented in the hydro-meteorological services sector.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, World Meteorological Organization

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Agriculture, Transportation, Fisheries

The proposed resources for departments and agencies with national security and intelligence mandates will help them fulfill their obligations to comply with legislated review requirements in a timely manner and implement recommendations, which will facilitate increased confidence in government institutions. All Canadians will ultimately benefit from increased accountability and transparency of national security and intelligence activities.

Data Sources: Public opinion research

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Canada's place in the world; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The National Film Board plays a central role in sharing Canadian stories with the world, and all Canadians are expected to benefit from continued support for its activities. This measure will also benefit people employed in the cultural sector, including Indigenous, Black, racialized, and 2SLGBTQI+ people as well as persons with disabilities.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians, Film Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Francophone Canadians will disproportionately benefit from this measure. For French-speaking Canadian audiovisual producers in particular, these benefits will include access to new markets to broadcast their works. The measure is expected to benefit both men and women. Black, racialized, and 2SLGBTQI+ people, as well as persons with disabilities are underrepresented in Canada's film, television, and digital media industries.

Data Sources: Canadian Heritage, Black Screen Office

Quality of Life Impacts

Gender Results Framework: Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Francophone Canadians, French-Speaking Canadian Audiovisual Producers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Broadcasting and Culture Sectors

This initiative will support the performing arts sector, which is gender-balanced and characterized by high levels of education, precarious employment, and low median incomes. The workforce of the National Arts Centre, which will also benefit, is gender-balanced. Funding will also allow Canadians and other patrons to continue to benefit from the National Arts Centre's programming, including providing a platform for 2SLGBTQI+, Indigenous, Black, and racialized artists.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Performing Arts Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This initiative will benefit those who use the services of the National Museums and the National Battlefields Commission, such as educators, researchers, students, and museum visitors. Data show that people with higher levels of educational attainment, those with higher household incomes, and people living in urban centres are more likely to visit museums. This measure will also benefit 2SLGBTQI+, Indigenous, Black and racialized people. These impacts are expected to be primarily felt in regions in which in these organizations are located, notably in the National Capital Region, Winnipeg, Quebec City, and Halifax.

Data Sources: Government of Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Employees of the National Museums and the National Battlefields Commission, Students, Researchers, Educators, Museum Visitors

This measure will improve quality of life for Indigenous Peoples through improved governance approaches. This measure may benefit women, Elders, youth, and 2SLGBTQI+ Indigenous people, who, due to colonial governance systems, have not been able to engage in their traditional governance roles.

Data Sources: Gender Results Framework

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Leadership and Democratic Participation

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

To reduce barriers to participation, the program is updating its guidelines and troubleshooting tips, as well as making efforts to prioritize applications from first-time and lower-capacity applicants. The program will also host engagement sessions with past applicants to inform how to better reflect Indigenous needs and priorities within the program, including ways to further benefit Indigenous women in leadership roles.

This measure will benefit temporary foreign workers, who are mostly men. It will particularly benefit workers who are most vulnerable to abuse due to their living and working arrangements. This includes those working low-wage agricultural jobs in rural areas, who are also mostly racialized men with low levels of education and often low official languages capacity. Other vulnerable workers include in-home caregivers, who are also often racialized and are mostly women.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Temporary Foreign Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Primary Agricultural Workers, In-Home Caregivers, Low-Income People

This measure will directly benefit persons with disabilities by addressing social, physical, and economic barriers to their participation in their communities and workplaces. More than one in five Canadians aged 15 and older has a disability, including 24 per cent of women and 20 per cent of men. Among Canadians with a disability, 71 per cent have two or more types of disability, and 43 per cent have a disability that is severe or very severe. People with severe or very severe disabilities are less likely to be employed than those with mild or moderate disabilities. The prevalence of disabilities tends to increase with age. While 13 per cent of youth aged 15 to 24 have a disability, 38 per cent of people aged 65 and older have a disability.  

Source: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Health – Self-rated health

Target Population:

Persons with Disabilities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit Indigenous Peoples by supporting negotiations related to the exercise of Indigenous rights, and in particular, issues related to land and resource management. Agreements that are reached will increase Indigenous decision-making powers over the environment and renewable resources, which will directly benefit communities.   

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Leadership and Democratic Participation

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Indigenous women are underrepresented in governance, negotiations, and decision-making processes due to a range of factors including the impacts of colonialism. Environment and Climate Change Canada will make a concerted effort at negotiation tables to foster inclusive engagement processes that allow diverse Indigenous voices, including women, youth, Elders and other community subgroups such as single parents, persons with disabilities, 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, and off-reserve members, to be heard (e.g., stipend or child care during engagement sessions, scheduling sessions with consideration of working hours and seasonal work).

This measure will directly benefit asylum claimants, who are more likely to be low-income and more likely to be racialized. As asylum claimants are not otherwise eligible for provincial or territorial health insurance, they will benefit from improved access to care.

Data Sources: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

on: Newcomers, Asylum Claimants, Refugees

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Persons with Disabilities

This measure will primarily benefit Northern residents through the reduction of risks to human health and safety and the environment at eight abandoned and contaminated mine sites in Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Local Indigenous communities and their members constitute 35 per cent of the population in the two territories. Men will disproportionately benefit from remediation activities as women are underrepresented in the mining, engineering, and construction industries. However, women may also benefit indirectly from supporting industries in local communities (medical care and food services) but may face barriers accessing employment due to safety concerns around remote and isolated work camps. Indigenous people may also face barriers to access to employment due to limited training opportunities. 

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Economic Participation and Prosperity

Target Population:

Northerners

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, Rural and Remote Populations

To ensure that Indigenous people, including women, can fully participate in remediation work, Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada will work with other federal departments and Indigenous partners to promote flexible procurement mechanisms to promote Indigenous training, employment, and contracting opportunities. 

This measure benefits all Canadians by modernizing the tools required to respond to evolving national security threats targeting Canadians and Canadian interests, necessary to a well-functioning democracy and economy. This includes addressing security threats from foreign actors and extremist groups, which contribute to violence and threats against certain populations in Canada, including diaspora communities, Black and racialized people, and women. Funding would indirectly benefit new employees at the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), which has a gender-balanced workforce. While the diversity of CSIS' workforce is otherwise not representative of the Canadian population, explicit efforts are underway to increase the representation of equity-deserving groups in CSIS' workforce, which will help avoid any potential bias in its intelligence work.

Data Sources: CSIS, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Diaspora Communities, Employees in the National Capital Region

This measure will disproportionately benefit men, Indigenous people, and Black Canadians, who are all overrepresented in the prison population. These groups are also disproportionately affected by use of force incidents. Most of the prison population is also low-income, pre- and post-incarceration.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Justice Canada, Correctional Service of Canada, Public Safety Canada, Office of the Correctional Investigator

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Federal Inmates

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, Black People

Men will be primarily impacted by this measure, as they comprise over 95 per cent of the population in federal correctional facilities. Additionally, Indigenous people represent 27 per cent of federal inmates, but only comprise five per cent of the Canadian population, while Black Canadians account for nine per cent of federal offenders but comprise four per cent of the Canadian population. This measure improves confidence and trust in public institutions by supporting measures to keep staff and inmates safe.

Data Sources: Justice Canada, Statistics Canada, Correctional Service of Canada, Public Safety Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Correctional Service of Canada Employees and Federal Inmates

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, Black Canadians

This measure will directly impact firearms licensees, 86 per cent of whom are men. Those more affected will be owners of restricted and prohibited firearms, 96 per cent of which are owned by men. The measure will also have some regional impacts, as the majority of Canadian firearm license holders live in Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, and British Columbia.

Data Sources: RCMP Canadian Firearms Program

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Firearms owners

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

People in Ottawa and Windsor were disproportionately impacted by the illegal blockades and occupations in 2022, and these municipalities incurred costs related to policing and security. By reimbursing the cities of Ottawa and Windsor, this measure will economically benefit their residents, whose taxes will not be diverted to cover security costs related to the illegal blockades and occupations by those who came from outside these communities.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Residents of Ottawa and Windsor

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure disproportionately affected Indigenous Peoples. These effects differed depending on experience and identity. Large numbers of Canadians participated in Papal events; for example, roughly 60,000 people attended the Pope's mass in Edmonton. 

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Target Population:

Indigenous Peoples in Alberta and Quebec

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Catholics

This measure will benefit municipalities, provinces, and territories that receive Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) policing services. Nearly 14,000 RCMP officers are assigned to contract policing in eight provinces (excluding Ontario and Quebec), the territories and 153 municipalities, which includes 22 per cent of Canada's population. Many federal policing services are provided in rural Canada where municipalities face budget constraints. With payment flexibility, contract policing partners can ensure that local investments are not diverted away from essential community programs and that additional tax burdens are not imposed on residents to continue providing effective policing services benefitting Canadians living in rural communities.

Data Sources: Public Safety Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

RCMP Policing Jurisdictions

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural and Remote Populations

This measure will benefit asylum seekers, who are likely to be low-income, from an ethnic, religious, and/or cultural minority community, speak limited English or French, 2SLGBTQI+, and/or may suffer from trauma and mental health issues.
Data Sources: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Newcomers, Specifically Asylum Seekers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

All Canadians will benefit from investments in adapting to the effects of climate change. This is especially true for vulnerable populations including women, Indigenous people, and people in rural and coastal communities, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change-related insecurity, such as natural disasters. Canada will ensure that the work of the Centre of Excellence is inclusive of and beneficial for people in all their diversity, including efforts to have a diverse and equitable staff. As host city, Montréal will benefit from an increase in jobs and related needs for the Centre.

Data Sources: United Nations

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender Equality Around the World

Target Population:

All Canadians, People in Other Countries

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Northern or Remote Communities, Low‑Income Populations, Women, Indigenous People, Rural and Coastal Communities

This measure benefits all Canadians by responding to threats targeting Canadians, its democratic institutions, critical infrastructure, and economic security. It will also benefit members of Black and racialized diaspora communities who experience harassment and intimidation on the part of hostile foreign actors.

Data Sources: Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Diaspora Communities

This measure will benefit all Ukrainians, through increased macroeconomic stability. Groups of people more reliant on Ukraine's state social assistance will likely benefit the most from the continuation of Ukraine's governmental operations. These groups include pensioners, persons with disabilities, and families with children. In Ukraine, the poverty rate for households headed by women, often single-parent families, exceeds that of households headed by men.

Data Sources: International Monetary Fund

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Ukrainian Population

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will directly support the Ukrainian people as they defend their sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence. The recipients of the equipment will predominantly be men; however, women, children, and vulnerable persons are disproportionately affected by Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine. All Canadians benefit from efforts to promote international peace and security, and to stand up for the rules-based international order.

Data Sources: United Nations

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender Equality Around the World

Target Population:

All Canadians, Individuals in Other Countries, Ukrainian Population

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will directly support the most vulnerable people in Ukraine, including women and low-income persons, by targeting support to small and medium farms, providing essential life-saving services to displaced persons, and promoting inclusive and accessible reconstruction. It will indirectly benefit the overall Ukrainian population by strengthening local food systems and food security, and the resiliency of Ukraine's institutions.

Data Sources: United Nations Women, CARE International

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender Equality Around the World

Target Population:

All Canadians, Ukrainian Population

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit Ukrainians in a broad range of situations, including those who are overseas or already in Canada. Uptake of the Canada-Ukraine Authorization for Emergency Travel has so far been roughly gender-balanced, as women account for 55 per cent of arrivals. Most arrivals are working age (73 per cent), with minors and seniors comprising 23 per cent and 4 per cent, respectively, of all arrivals. All Canadians will also benefit from this measure, as our communities and our economy are made stronger by welcoming Ukrainians who choose to come to Canada.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data  

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Ukrainians Who Want to Come to Canada and Their Family Members in Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit Ukraine, through continued pressure on Russia and Belarus to end Russia's illegal war against Ukraine. Moreover, the longer-term market signal for supply chains to shift away from Russian and Belarusian imports is expected to improve predictability for importers and benefit alternative suppliers, including those in Canada.

Data Sources: Canada Border Services Agency data, Statistics Canada, World Bank

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Citizens of Ukraine and Domestic Businesses, Including Importers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

By contributing to international efforts to eradicate forced labour from supply chains, this measure will benefit people and workers subjected to and impacted by forced labour around the world. This includes Uyghurs and other minority groups impacted by forced labour, who face credible reports of human rights violations, including widespread forced labour and gender-based violence. Canadians will also benefit from supply chains that are better aligned with Canadian values.

Data Sources: United Nations, United States Department of Labor, United States Department of State, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender Equality Around the World

Target Population:

Uyghurs and Other Populations Affected by Forced Labour

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Canadian Consumers

This measure will benefit eligible developing countries by supporting their export-led economic development and promoting greater adherence to international conventions on human rights, labour rights, environmental protection, and good governance. Specific groups that will benefit, through more economic opportunities and stronger rights, include women, children, and youth, who make up a disproportionate share of the workforce in the export-oriented apparel industry. Canadian importers and consumers also stand to benefit broadly knowing their goods are produced with strong ethical standards and available at competitive prices.

Data Sources: World Bank, International Labour Organization, United Nations

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender Equality Around the World

Target Population:

People in Developing and Least Developed Countries

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Apparel Sector, Child Labourers, Canadian Consumers

This measure benefits all Canadians by combatting money laundering and terrorist financing, which pose threats to Canadians and the economy. This protects the integrity of our financial system, facilitating the flow of funds domestically and internationally. It also indirectly benefits women, young people, 2SLGBTQI+ people, Indigenous people, persons with disabilities, and seniors who are disproportionately victimized by crime that is supported and perpetuated by money laundering. For example, Indigenous people and persons with disabilities experience higher rates of violent victimization compared to other Canadians, and the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre reports that seniors and vulnerable Canadians are increasingly being targeted for fraud.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, 2SLGBTQI+ People, Women and Girls, Persons with Disabilities, Seniors

Strengthening corporate transparency through a beneficial ownership registry contributes to a more open and trusted business environment, bolstering confidence in Canadian institutions, and in Canada as a place to do business and invest. It is expected these actions will indirectly benefit certain demographic groups who are disproportionately victimized by money laundering, terrorist financing, and offences linked to these crimes. This includes women, young people, 2SLGBTQI+ people, Indigenous people, persons with disabilities, and seniors. These measures will broadly benefit all Canadians as they help uphold the stability, utility, and efficiency of the Canadian and global financial systems.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Modernizing financial sector statutes and the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act will further protect Canada's financial sector from being targeted by the hostile activities of foreign actors and other national security threats. Foreign interference activities undermine Canada's prosperity, strategic interests, social fabric, and national security. Strengthening the federal government's tools to combat these activities would benefit all Canadians by better positioning Canada to protect the integrity of its financial system and maintain Canadians' confidence in their financial institutions. This enables the country's long-term prosperity, and supports the financial security of all Canadians.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Financial Sector

The measure will benefit all Canadians by ensuring stability and support for the effective monitoring of the financial sector and its oversight by regulatory bodies. It may also help raise awareness of the risks of crypto-assets. This measure will help protect Canadians' savings as well as the security of the financial sector.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Financial Sector

This measure will benefit all Canadians by protecting the integrity and security of the defence supply chain. Additionally, this measure will indirectly benefit men, who make up 70 per cent of employees in the Canadian cyber security sector, and higher- income earners, as most cyber security sector jobs require post-secondary education and provide compensation above the Canadian median income.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Canadian Cyber Security Sector

This measure will support economic prosperity for Indigenous Peoples and Northern, rural communities by clarifying Canada's offshore lands and ensuring access to resources of the seafloor and subsoil. The program will create jobs for scientists and researchers that have above average salaries. Currently, 60 per cent of positions in the program are occupied by women. The Arctic Ocean is an area of international strategic and economic importance, and confirming Canada's boundaries will protect our sovereignty in the Arctic Ocean to the benefit of all Canadians.

Data Sources: Natural Resources Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Individuals Involved in Scientific Research of the Arctic Ocean, Indigenous Peoples, and Northern Communities

Certain persons with disabilities or other health issues could face barriers to participating in the seagoing/collection phase of the program as Health Canada has strict requirements to receive clearance to work in the seagoing environment. Natural Resources Canada will promote the hiring and retention of persons with disabilities or other health issues for land-based positions in project management and computer science.

The program will help vulnerable populations reliant on humanitarian assistance in areas controlled by terrorist entities. As women and girls have historically been disproportionately affected by crises, and given Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy, they are expected to benefit disproportionately, though target populations will vary depending on location. This program will also benefit Afghans identified for resettlement to Canada, many of whom were selected on the basis of their risk of being targeted by the Taliban (e.g., women, religious minorities, 2SLGBTQI+ people).

Data Sources: International organizations such as the United Nations

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender Equality Around the World

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Global Vulnerable People

All Canadians will benefit from the more efficient use of federal government resources, refocused toward priority areas. Reductions will not impact direct benefits and services to Canadians; direct transfers to other orders of government and Indigenous communities; and the Canadian Armed Forces..

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit all Canadians by ensuring government spending is efficiently targeted. In particular, the current review of skills and youth programming could benefit young people and people participating in skills development programs. Future review themes could examine programs targeting all Canadians, or programs targeting specific groups.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Youth, People Participating in Skills Development Programs

Realigning previously announced spending to match current implementation pace and scale will benefit all Canadians and help ensure that government resources are allocated to their best purpose.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit air travellers in Canada by strengthening air passenger protections in the event of flight delays or cancellations. Canadians in middle- to high-income groups are more likely to travel by air, and will therefore benefit more from this measure. Persons with disabilities and people aged 60 and over are also expected to benefit from dispute resolution services and enforcement of accessibility regulations.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Enhanced security measures and improved screening wait times at airports will directly benefit air travellers, as well as airport and airline workers, who are 60 per cent men. Air travellers tend to be higher-income relative to the Canadian population. Legislative changes will directly benefit air travellers by helping to reduce air travel delays.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, industry data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Air Travellers, Air Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This initiative will directly benefit veterans, Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) serving and former members. Veterans are more likely than the Canadian general population to experience a range of physical and mental health issues, such as hearing problems     (16.7 per cent vs. 3.3 per cent, respectively), chronic pain (50.7 per cent vs. 22.4 per cent, respectively), and post-traumatic stress disorder (23.7 per cent vs.1.3 per cent, respectively). This measure predominantly benefits men, who make up 88 per cent of Veterans Affairs Canada's clients. It would also particularly benefit low-income veterans. 5.2 per cent of veterans identified as Indigenous and about 4.1 per cent identified as Black and/or racialized.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Life After Service Survey

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Veterans, CAF and RCMP Serving and Former Members

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Persons with Physical or Mental Health Issues and their Families or Caregivers

Enhancements to 1 800 O-Canada will benefit people with low internet access or digital literacy by making phone-based government service more accessible. This may include seniors, Indigenous people, people with low literacy in an official language, persons with disabilities (particularly those with a visual impairment), low-income people, and people living in Northern, rural, and remote communities. Government benefits target people of various ages, including children (e.g., Canada Child Benefit), working-age adults (e.g., Employment Insurance) and seniors (e.g., Old Age Security and Guaranteed Income Supplement).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Seniors will benefit from this measure through ongoing reliability of benefit payments. Roughly one third of these beneficiaries have a low enough income to qualify for the Guaranteed Income Supplement. The beneficiary population includes approximately 7 million people aged 65 and older and 70,000 people aged 60-64, and is gender-balanced, with slightly more women. Families and caregivers, who are often women, will also benefit indirectly from the reliable and smooth delivery of these benefit payments, especially for low-income seniors.

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Seniors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

People with low digital literacy or with limited internet access could be negatively impacted by increased digitization of benefits delivery. This is especially relevant in remote and Indigenous communities. The government will continue to consider and mitigate the risk of this barrier to access materials, for instance, by ensuring that clients can continue to access paper applications and phone guidance through the Government of Canada Pension Centre.

This measure will benefit all Canadians by supporting the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) to correct overpayments from the Canada Emergency Response Benefit. Preventing and correcting overpayments also increases capacity to support vulnerable people through other channels.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC)

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

To mitigate potential negative impacts of repayment on vulnerable people, ESDC and the CRA have adopted an empathetic, people-first approach to support all people facing issues with repayment. They also have the discretion to negotiate a suitable resolution depending on the factors and conditions of a case to reduce any undue burden.

Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing payments are unconditional and recipient governments are free to spend the funds according to their own priorities. Impacts on people will depend on the spending choices of provinces and territories.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Equalization-Receiving Provinces, Territories

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

These investments will benefit people who make passport applications to Service Canada, as well as immigration and citizenship applications to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, including Canadian citizens, permanent residents, temporary residents, and visitors. These applicants represent a broad client base with characteristics similar to the Canadian population at large. However, new Canadian citizens are most likely to apply for new passports.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Canadians, Newcomers, and Visitors who Apply for Passports, Immigration Programs, and Citizenship

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The proposed Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) reform is strongly progressive, and would remove the AMT burden of tens of thousands of middle-class Canadians, while also making sure that high-income earners pay their fair share. The group who would pay less tax under the reform is relatively gender- balanced: 56 per cent men and 44 per cent women. The group that would pay more skews somewhat more towards men (62 per cent vs. 38 per cent).

Data Sources: Administrative T1 tax return data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

High-Income Canadians who Currently Pay Little Personal Income Tax as a Share of Income, Middle-Income Canadians Currently Subject to AMT

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

As a tax integrity measure, this proposal is expected to have a positive revenue impact, which would benefit all Canadians. This measure is expected to improve tax fairness and equality by ensuring large corporations pay a minimum level of tax on their profits.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Publicly traded companies will be most affected by this measure. The proposed tax may support income redistribution as revenues generated will contribute to paying for general government programs and expenses, which benefit all Canadians.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

As a tax integrity measure, this proposal will benefit all Canadians by raising revenue and protecting the Canadian tax base. This measure only applies to financial institutions (e.g., banks and insurance companies), and will impact Canadian shareholders of financial institutions, who tend to be men, older, and have higher incomes.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This is a tax integrity measure that will benefit all Canadians by protecting the tax base. It is expected that this would impact individuals who have engaged in tax avoidance, who tend to be men and those with higher incomes, by having them pay their fair share.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The 2026 Census of Population promotes confidence in public institutions by ensuring all federal policy and planning is grounded in accurate data on Canada's population by its demographic, social, and economic characteristics—ensuring federal support can be directed to those who need it most. Census data further benefits Canadians by informing the planning of essential services, redistributing electoral districts, and helping businesses plan their market strategies. Consultations with 2SLGBTQI+ groups in advance of the 2026 Census of Population will ensure data on gender diversity is accurately captured, further benefitting transgender and non-binary people who have historically been underrepresented in policy making.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Residents of Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The 2026 Census of Population will be available online in accessible formats to assist persons with disabilities to respond to required questionnaires. It will also be translated into languages frequently used in Canada (including 13 Indigenous languages, and 14 other languages) to increase accessibility and reach.

The 2026 Census of Agriculture will benefit the agricultural industry through the collection and publication of data on agriculture in Canada. This program will benefit farmers, who are disproportionately men (69.6 per cent), over 55 years old       (60.5 per cent) and live in rural areas. The collection of disaggregated demographic information such as age, sex, and income will support the intersectional consideration of government programs and policies for agricultural production and competitiveness. Indirectly, comprehensive information on, and support for, agriculture in Canada may enable increased agrifood production and contribute to food security.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Agricultural Sector

The Census of Agriculture will be available online in accessible formats to assist persons with disabilities to respond to census questionnaires. Agents who speak various languages will be available to help people to respond to questionnaires.

All Canadians benefit from renewed federal laboratories, as these facilities support vital regulatory functions related to everyday life, such as food and transportation safety. Indirect benefits will also accrue to program office staff. Staff tend to be working-aged people, of whom 44.6 per cent identify as women, and 16.8 per cent identify as a Black and/or racialized.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Providing guidance to departments on the transition to cloud technology could support uninterrupted and better-quality access to government services that are supported by these applications. Ensuring that the government's digital applications are supported by modern, reliable technologies will benefit all Canadians.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Canadians will benefit from a well-resourced Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying so it can continue to ensure transparent and ethical lobbying at the federal level. Ensuring continued access to up-to-date information on lobbying activities and investigations supports transparency and accountability in government decision-making, increasing the confidence in government institutions. Maintaining a lobby registry allows the public to find an authoritative source on lobbying activities by individuals and organizations, thus ensuring fairness in the process.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Continuing to provide a neutral and impartial platform for discussions between federal, provincial, and territorial governments to advance important policy priorities will benefit all Canadians. Ensuring intergovernmental conferences are well-supported, and key materials and decisions are properly archived, will support transparency, and maintain confidence in government institutions. Impacts to communities will depend on topics discussed at conferences.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

A simpler platform reduces the barriers to entry in procurement processes for underrepresented groups, such as Indigenous-, Black-, and women-owned small- and medium enterprises. Through improved data capture of supplier information, the government can better track demographic information on suppliers to inform social procurement efforts. In 2021-22, seven per cent of businesses who participated in procurement processes were Indigenous-owned and 14 per cent were women-owned.

Data Sources: Public Services and Procurement Canada's 2021-22 Departmental Results Report

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Canadians Seeking Government Procurement Opportunities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Businesses Owned by Underrepresented Groups (e.g., Indigenous, Women, Black and Racialized People, Persons with Disabilities)

In rare cases where businesses do not have the ability to register electronically, the procurement process can be completed using other means (e.g., fax, telephone, mail). The electronic system is only used for tracking and reporting purposes in such instances.

This measure will benefit all federal public servants. As of March 2020, women made up 55.4 per cent of the federal public service. Public servants who are on parental, or disability leave; new to the public service or departing it; students; or from single-income households will disproportionately benefit from improved pay and human resources systems, as they are most likely to experience a pay disruption.

Data Sources: 2020 Public Service Employee Survey

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Federal Public Servants

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Federal Public Servants Experiencing Human Resource and Pay Issues

All Canadians will benefit from timely technical support for registration and access to the My Service Canada Account. Persons with disabilities, seniors, and persons with limited digital literacy will benefit in particular from this investment as they tend to have lower rates of digital access.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Seniors, Persons with Disabilities or Limited Digital Literacy

This measure will support service delivery for the Social Insurance Number program, ensuring that all Canadians and people eligible to work in Canada can receive benefits and access the programs they need.

Newcomers and immigrants, if eligible to work, will also benefit from strong service delivery in the Social Insurance Number program.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Newcomers and Immigrants if Eligible to Work

The advantages of the administrative simplifications will be felt by any person charged with settling an estate, especially low-income people, who will not have to cash manage overpayments, and people with low literacy in an official language, including new and established immigrants, Indigenous people, and people with low incomes, may more directly benefit from streamlined processes.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure benefits all Canadians by preventing data breaches and ensuring organizations are held to account for the mishandling of Canadians' personal information. There would also be strong enforcement to deter the mishandling of personal information, especially that of vulnerable groups. For example, personal information on minors would be considered sensitive and additional safeguards on their data would be required. Major privacy breach incidents have affected the personal information of a significant number of Canadians, with 87 per cent of Canadians surveyed citing concerns about their privacy, and 32 per cent extremely concerned. The measure will also help build trust in government institutions and the digital economy.

Data Sources: Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

People Affected by Data Breaches

The tobacco cost recovery framework will benefit all Canadians by increasing the tobacco industry's role and accountability in funding the tobacco control activities supported through Canada's Tobacco Strategy. In bolstering the financial sustainability of these tobacco control activities, the measure may also indirectly benefit populations that are more likely to take up smoking. Indigenous people, men, and 2SLGBTQI+ people have significantly higher rates of smoking.

Data Sources: 2019 and 2020 Canadian Community Health Surveys

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, 2SLGBTQI+ People

This measure will benefit Canadians by generating savings as a result of a cancelled relocation of the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada's headquarters within the National Capital Region.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Supporting cross-border trade will have direct benefits for the softwood lumber sector, which employs a significant number of men (83 per cent) and Indigenous workers (seven per cent). There will also be indirect benefits for various sectors (e.g., services, transportation) supporting employment in communities across the country, including rural, remote, and Indigenous communities where the forest industry is often an economic anchor.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Canadian Forest Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural, Remote, and Indigenous Communities

This program will directly benefit Canadian businesses in the creative sector that are ready to start exporting. The creative sector is made up of various industries, including audiovisual production, film and video, music, and performing arts, which have varied demographic characteristics. While the program is broad-based, efforts will be made to target specific demographics, including Indigenous and minority-owned businesses.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Creative Sector, Indigenous People, Black and Racialized People

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Public servants that are on maternity, parental, or disability leave; new to the public service or departing it; students; or from single-income households will disproportionately benefit, as they are more likely to be adversely impacted by pay issues when they arise.

Data Sources: 2020 Public Service Employee Survey

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Federal Public Servants

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Public Service Pay Centre Employees

This tax integrity measure benefits all Canadians by protecting the tax base.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This is a tax integrity measure that will benefit all Canadians by creating a fairer tax system. Data on corporate ownership suggest that predominantly men would be impacted, as men are more likely to be business owners (64 per cent compared to 21 per cent of businesses owned by women). In addition, high-income earners are more likely to be affected as these groups receive a higher value of dividends. Taxpayers in the top income bracket receive about 43 per cent of dividends, even though they represent only one per cent of all tax filers.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This is a relieving tax measure that will directly benefit employers that sponsor certain types of Retirement Compensation Arrangements. Employers across all industries could benefit from this measure and the recovery of these funds would support business operations. To the extent that refunds are passed on to shareholders of benefitting businesses, higher-income individuals would benefit more.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, stakeholders

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Employers Sponsoring Retirement

Compensation Arrangements

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit all Canadians as the Debt Management Strategy will sustainably maintain well-functioning markets for Government of Canada securities, and ensures the government has the funds it needs to meet its financial commitments. A more sustainably maintained well-functioning market provides conditions that facilitate the government's access to stable and low-cost funding, as well as supporting the Canadian financial ecosystem.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Assisting government departments in acquiring zero-emission vehicles will advance the Greening Government Strategy, which will help reduce the government's carbon footprint. Over time, this switch to zero-emission vehicles will have small positive impacts on all Canadians as well as future generations through reduced greenhouse gas emissions from the federal fleet.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The amendments will increase clarity and reduce administrative burden for federal government departments seeking to comply with the Service Fees Act. Amendments will also improve government transparency and accountability, which benefits all Canadians.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Businesses

The amendments to the Canada Labour Code will benefit federally regulated sector workers, particularly working parents, by providing improved labour protection to those who need time away from work to cope with the death or disappearance of a child.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Parents of a Deceased or Missing Child as a Result of a Crime

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

These measures will enhance retirement security for federally regulated pension plan members and retirees, help enhance the external complaints system in banking, and strengthen Canada's sanctions regime. While men account for slightly more than half of federally regulated plan members, women tend to have a longer life expectancy, meaning that they could benefit from improved retirement security over a longer period. All Canadian financial consumers would benefit from a strengthened external complaints system in banking, with additional benefits for lower-income households, as they are generally more at risk of having lower levels of financial literacy and confidence. All Canadians are expected to benefit from improvements to Canada's sanctions regime.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

   Gender:

   Income:

   Age cohort:

This measure targets research and development activities at incorporated, for-profit, Canadian businesses operating in all sectors, which will result in disproportionate benefits for White men. In 2020, 68.9 per cent of Small- and medium-sized enterprises were majority-owned by men. This measure will also benefit employees of these businesses who are likely to be highly educated people with expertise in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Although women represent 78 per cent of post-secondary sciences graduates in the field of biological science, men represent most post-secondary graduates in mathematics (57 per cent), physical and chemical sciences (68 per cent), engineering (81 per cent), and computer science (84 per cent). Over the longer term, the Canada Innovation Corporation is expected to benefit all Canadians by supporting clean economic growth and improving living standards.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

For-Profit Canadian Businesses

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The Government of Canada has launched several initiatives aimed at increasing the participation of underrepresented groups in STEM fields, for example CanCode and Chairs for Women in Science and Engineering. As a new entity, the Canada Innovation Corporation will develop programs and guidelines to ensure that support is allocated to underrepresented groups as appropriate.

This measure will provide better labour protection for approximately 955,000 federally regulated sector workers, particularly women, by ensuring they have access to the time they need to recover from the physical and psychological trauma resulting from a pregnancy loss. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, between 15 per cent and 25 per cent of pregnancies end in a miscarriage.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

Women Who Suffer Pregnancy Loss, Working Parents

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Workers in Federally Regulated and Private Sectors

Legislative amendments to the Citizenship Act will directly benefit applicants for Canadian citizenship, who are roughly gender-balanced (52 per cent women). The top three countries of applicant origin are India, the Philippines, and China. Online applications may be a barrier for those with low digital literacy or access to the internet. However, these barriers will be mitigated through support tools and accessibility accommodations, including the option to submit a paper application if needed.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Citizenship Applicants

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Diverse boards and leadership teams are associated with improved organizational performance and a culture of broader perspectives. Requiring diversity disclosures for federally regulated financial institutions (FRFIs) will benefit underrepresented communities, including women, Indigenous people, persons with disabilities, and Black and racialized people, by promoting awareness that can lead to their increased representation on boards and among senior management. Mandatory diversity disclosures and conditions to ensure owner participation in virtual meetings may increase public confidence in these institutions by improving transparency between FRFIs, their owners, and the public.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Leadership and Democratic Participation

Target Population:

Underrepresented Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Financial Sector

The legislative amendments are not expected to have any direct or indirect impacts on any particular gender or demographic groups in Canada. They will allow the Minister to respond quickly if needed to protect financial stability and maintain consumer confidence. They will help support the stability of Canada's financial system, thereby enhancing Canadians' confidence in financial institutions. The overall effects of the legislative amendments will apply broadly across Canada and the financial sector.

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Financial well-being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will directly benefit all workers through support for a more client-centric recourse process for workers who need Employment Insurance (EI) benefits. Approximately 45 per cent of EI beneficiaries are women, with 76 per cent aged 25 to 54. Low-wage workers are slightly more likely to benefit as they are at a higher risk of layoffs and needing EI supports.

Data Sources: Employment Insurance program statistics – Canada.ca

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

EI Beneficiaries

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

A fair and effective asylum system benefits all Canadians, as it allows newcomers who arrive in Canada fleeing persecution to smoothly and rapidly settle and integrate into Canadian society and contribute to local communities. Women account for approximately half of all asylum claims, while women fleeing domestic violence accounted for 18 per cent of refugee claims finalized in 2020. A stable and effective asylum system benefits 2SLGBTQI+ people fleeing persecution, with 7.5 per cent of refugee claims made in Canada in 2020 citing persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

Data Sources: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice

Target Population:

Newcomers Seeking Asylum

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Black and Racialized People, 2SLGBTQI+ People

The legislative amendment will benefit sponsors and resettled refugees under the Canadian Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program by reducing wait times and improving predictability of when an application will be considered. Sponsored refugees are roughly gender-balanced and are more likely to be Black and/or racialized, somewhat younger, and lower-educated compared to the Canadian population. In 2022, the top three source countries for privately sponsored refugees were Afghanistan, Eritrea, and Syria.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Refugees and Their Sponsors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

The legislative amendments will benefit Canadian immigration and citizenship applicants by better protecting them from unethical or fraudulent representation. Benefits are expected to be roughly gender-balanced, as a broadly similar percentage of women and men—35 per cent and 32 per cent respectively—who made permanent resident applications to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada in 2018 employed immigration and citizenship consultants. In addition, people from lower- and middle-income countries who may be more vulnerable due to poverty, minority status, or other factors may benefit more, as these applicants are more likely to engage the services of a consultant.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Immigrants and Newcomers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit domestic and international travellers through expedited processing at Canadian ports of entry. As of October 31, 2022, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) processed 50 million travellers in 2022. Personal travel is highly correlated to income and is gender-balanced. This measure also indirectly benefits those at risk of severe outcomes from diseases by reducing disease transmission points.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canada Border Services Agency

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Travellers Entering or Transiting Through Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Air, Rail, and Marine Transport Sectors

The CBSA's proposed use of technologies, like facial recognition, may pose accessibility challenges for persons with disabilities, such as those from the blind community, and could also lead to algorithmic bias and privacy concerns over use and retention of biometric data. To mitigate this, the CBSA will actively monitor, assess, and calibrate new technologies, and work closely with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner to ensure that privacy protections are appropriately embedded in any newly introduced technology.

This legislative amendment will primarily benefit animals and is not expected to have any significantly differential gender or diversity impacts on the Canadian population. That said, all Canadians can benefit from increased confidence that cosmetics they purchase and use in Canada are not tested on animals.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will benefit all Canadians by ensuring the safety and quality of natural health products on the market. Certain people who use natural health products more frequently may particularly benefit, including women, Indigenous people, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and Black and racialized people.

Data Sources: Academic journals

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Indigenous People, 2SLGBTQI+ People, Black and Racialized People

Restoring access to disaggregated Canada Revenue Agency data for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) analysis and evaluation would support evidence-based policy development, benefitting groups such as CPP survivors, disability pension recipients, and low-income seniors. Of the 1.2 million CPP survivors' pension recipients, 79.6 per cent are women.

Data Sources: Administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Survivors and Disability Benefit Recipients

Canadians living in coastal communities and Indigenous communities will primarily benefit from a reduced risk of marine incidents and a reduction in pollution in coastal regions given their proximity to the marine ecosystem. All Canadians will also benefit from stronger environmental protection measures.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Coastal Communities, Indigenous Communities

Recreational users of waterways, and people and businesses in the marine transportation and fishing industries, which predominantly employ men, will directly benefit from safe and unobstructed navigation. Canadians living in coastal communities and near inland waterways will indirectly benefit from the removal of problematic vessels from the water. This measure will also indirectly benefit the marine disposal and salvage industry through contracts to remove problem vessels. This industry predominantly employs men.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Coastal Communities, Marine Sector

Recognizing that women and Indigenous people are underrepresented in the marine skilled sector, they may experience barriers to participation. Transport Canada, the Canadian Coast Guard, and Public Services and Procurement Canada will include equity, diversity, and inclusion factors in evaluation criteria to select firms to undertake remediation or removal of problem vessels.

This measure will support a robust and efficient patent system for patent holders. People in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are more likely to hold patents. Women tend to be underrepresented in the STEM fields, representing only 16 per cent of graduates in 2021. However, the Canadian Intellectual Property Office has noted that between 1997 to 2015 there has been a near four-fold increase in the number of women inventors named on patent applications.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Intellectual Property Office 

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Patent Owners and Representatives of

Patent Owners

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

STEM Sector

This measure will improve service delivery to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Within Canada, 69 per cent of SMEs are majority owned by men. Indirect benefits will also accrue to National Research Council (NRC) staff, of whom about 37 per cent identify as women, and 18 per cent as Black and racialized people.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, National Research Council

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Owners of Small- and medium-Sized Enterprises, NRC Researchers and Technical Staff

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

All Canadians will benefit from continued efforts to reduce the flow of dangerous goods and illicit substances through the postal system. Rural, remote, and Indigenous communities will especially benefit from these efforts due to the increased role of the postal services in bringing goods into their communities.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

GRF Pillar:

Poverty Reduction, Health, and Well-Being

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Rural and Remote Populations, Indigenous People

Ensuring a uniform approach to the collection, use, disclosure and retention of personal information that would be collected for use by federal political parties would benefit all Canadians who are eligible to vote. This would also indirectly benefit federal political parties by ensuring there is a single federal approach across Canada, rather than being subject to varying legislation by province.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Canadian Voters

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Federal Political Parties

This measure will support the Bank of Canada in promoting the general economic and financial welfare of Canada, consistent with the Bank's mandate.

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This legislative change will provide for the creation of a Fund that will support the good functioning of the Clean Fuel Regulations. Overall, the regulations will contribute to greenhouse gas emissions reductions. This and other efforts to reduce emissions will broadly benefit all Canadians by reducing impacts of climate change. The regulations will also indirectly benefit those who are employed in the low-carbon fuels sector, who are predominantly young and middle-aged men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, United Nations, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Canada Energy Regulator

Quality of Life Impacts

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

Additional Characteristics

Low-Carbon Fuel Sector

Credit union customers tend to be older, more likely to live in a two-person household, and have slightly lower-than-average incomes. No significant generational or distributional impacts are expected.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Credit Union Association

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Credit Unions

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure will directly benefit the owners and shareholders of excise-licensed cannabis production firms. While detailed demographic information is unavailable for this group, in general shareholders tend to be higher-income individuals and men. The employees of licensed cannabis producers could also indirectly benefit, as this measure could help support the economic viability of the industry.

Data Sources: Health Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Cannabis Producers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort:

This measure would provide support to alcohol producers, and would directly benefit owners and shareholders in the alcohol production industry. Consumers would benefit indirectly if this measure also limits price increases. Alcohol consumption in Canada is roughly gender-balanced and the vast majority of consumers are aged 18 or above. Rural and remote populations may be impacted disproportionately; in 2018, Canadians living in rural areas were found to be more likely to report heavy drinking (22.4 per cent) compared to those living in urban areas (18.4 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction

Quality of Life Impacts

Target Population:

Alcohol Producers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits

Gender:

Income:

Age cohort: